Understanding the Reasons for Sharing Syringes or Needles to Inject Drugs: Conventional Content Analysis

Reasons for Not Using Condoms by People Who Inject Drugs in Iran; Results from a Conventional Content Analysis in 2018

Background and Objectives: This qualitative study was conducted to identify reasons for not using condoms by people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran.   Materials and Methods: Purposeful sampling was applied to recruit four groups [male PWID (n = 14), female PWID (n=6), service providers (n=8), and HIV/Addiction experts (n = 9)] into a qualitative study. Data were collected through focus group ...

Factors that influence the characteristics of needles and syringes used by people who inject drugs in Tajikistan

BACKGROUND "Low dead space" syringes with permanently attached needles retain less fluid, blood, and HIV after use than standard "high dead space" syringes. This reduces the probability of HIV transmission if they are shared by people who inject drugs (PWID). The World Health Organization recently recommended that needle and syringe programs (NSP) offer clients low dead space syringes. The succ...

Disposable or non-disposable syringes and needles for diabetics? Strathclyde Diabetic Group.

In a survey undertaken in the west of Scotland 801 adult diabetics taking insulin were questioned about their use of disposable or non-disposable needles and syringes, the life of such equipment, infected injection sites, and future preferences. Six hundred and eight preferred to use disposable equipment even if it meant reusing it; of the 413 who already bought disposable needles, 211 reused t...

Options for reducing HIV transmission related to the dead space in needles and syringes

BACKGROUND When shared by people who inject drugs, needles and syringes with different dead space may affect the probability of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission differently. METHODS We measured dead space in 56 needle and syringe combinations obtained from needle and syringe programs across 17 countries in Europe and Asia. We also calculated the amounts of blood and HIV that would...

surveying the relevance of proportions to the content of quran verses

چکیده : قرآن چشمه سار زلال هدایتی است که از سوی خداوند حکیم نازل شده تا بشر را به سر منزل کمال برساند. و در این راستا از شیوه های گوناگون بیانی خطابی و بلاغی استفاده کرده تا با فطرت زیبا طلب انسان درآمیزد و اورا مقهور خویش ساخته، به سوی کمالات سوق دهد.ازجمله جنبه های بارز اعجاز بیانی قرآن وجود فواصل در پایان آیات است که کار برد سجع و قافیه در کلام بشر شبیه آن است. برخی ازعلمای سلف تفاوت هایی ب...

Jaundice and Other Diseases Transmitted by Needles and Syringes